hOW tHE DaTA gOT tRAnsMITTeD ??

ASSALAMUALAIKUM n gOOd dAY!!

Today we will know, how the data being transmitted. Actually how data transmit? Is there any specific ttansmitter,to transmit data? we will know it later..

There are a few characteristic that can help data to travel over the network.

• Analog Vs digital
• Bandwidth                                      
• Serial Vs parallel
• Transmission timing
• Transmission direction
• Circuit switched, packed switched, broadcast connection

Analog VS Digital

	analog	digital
data	continuous (e.g., voice)	discrete (e.g., text)
signal	continuous electromagnetic waves Used mainly for transmitting data across a network.	sequence of voltage pulses Used mainly internally within computers.
transmission	transmission of analog signals without regards to their content (the data may be analog or binary). The signals become weaker (attenuated) with the distance. Amplifiers may be used to strengthen the signals, but as side effect they also boost the noise. This might not be a problem for analog data, such as voice, but is a problem for digital data.	Transmission that is concerned with the content of the signal. Repeaters are used to overcome attenuation. A repeater recovers the digital pattern from the signal it gets, and resubmits a new signal.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth refer to the various bit-rate measures, it representing the available   or consumed data communication resources in bits/second or in kilobits/ magabits

Serial VS Parallel

Serial transmission - the bits are sent sequentially on the same channel (wire) which can reduces costs for wire but slow in speed transmission.

Parallel transmission - the data were sent simultaneously on the different channel within the same cable and synchronized to a clock. It also has wider data bus, therefore they can transmit one / more bytes at a time. due to that, it is more faster.

Transmission timing

Transmission timing were divided into three. They were synchronous, asynchronous, and isochronous.

Synchronous - the data organised into block or group and transferred at regular specific interval.

Asynchronous - the transmitted data is encoded with start and stop bits. The data also being sent without being synchronous.

 Isochronous - the data were sent at the same time  

 (video call,talking on the phone)

Transmission direction

In direction of data transmission were divided into two. Simplex and Duplex. While in duplex were also divided into two, which are half-duplex and full-duplex. 

Simplex - is one station transmits and others just listen

Duplex - is a point to point system composed of two connected devices taht can communicate with one another in both direction simultaneously. It also like a two ways street.

Circuit switched, packed switched, broadcast connection

Circuit switched - data sent used dedicated path from sender to receiver

Packet switched - data sent as individual packet which are assembled at the recipient's destination

Broadcast connection - data broadcast to all nodes within range

ASSALAMUALAIKUM!!! n Go0d DaY!!


it have been a month from my last update, sorry Dr...heheeh
today, i wanna talk about  COMPUTER NETWORKING

 wHat is CompuTer NetworKING..??       




is it a computer in the net..?? 
or a computer how working..??
or even a computer KING..??




let see what is exactly a COMputer NETworKING >.<


 computer networking is a collection of hardware component and computer interconnected channels that allow sharing of resource and information 


NEtworK cLassification 

• LAN (local area network) 
• HAN (home area network)
• SAN (storage area network)
• CAN (campus area network)
• Backbone network 
• MAN ( metropolitan area network)
• Wan (wide area network) 
• PAN (personal area network)

NEtworK t0poLoGy

TOPOLOGY are divided by two:

• Logical topology

The mapping of the flow of data between the nodes. It also show how                the signal act or the way of data passed

• Physical topology

Determined by capabilities of the network access devices and media, the    level of control or fault tolerance desired, and the cost associated with cabling or telecommunications circuits. There are also a few type of physical topology

Linear bus

star

ring

Tree

mesh

Different topology can give a different advantage and disadvantage for their user. Therefore in every used, must make sure they choose the right network.

bye!! and Go0D NigHt~~