hOW tHE DaTA gOT tRAnsMITTeD ??

ASSALAMUALAIKUM n gOOd dAY!!

Today we will know, how the data being transmitted. Actually how data transmit? Is there any specific ttansmitter,to transmit data? we will know it later..

There are a few characteristic that can help data to travel over the network.

• Analog Vs digital
• Bandwidth                                      
• Serial Vs parallel
• Transmission timing
• Transmission direction
• Circuit switched, packed switched, broadcast connection

Analog VS Digital

	analog	digital
data	continuous (e.g., voice)	discrete (e.g., text)
signal	continuous electromagnetic waves Used mainly for transmitting data across a network.	sequence of voltage pulses Used mainly internally within computers.
transmission	transmission of analog signals without regards to their content (the data may be analog or binary). The signals become weaker (attenuated) with the distance. Amplifiers may be used to strengthen the signals, but as side effect they also boost the noise. This might not be a problem for analog data, such as voice, but is a problem for digital data.	Transmission that is concerned with the content of the signal. Repeaters are used to overcome attenuation. A repeater recovers the digital pattern from the signal it gets, and resubmits a new signal.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth refer to the various bit-rate measures, it representing the available   or consumed data communication resources in bits/second or in kilobits/ magabits

Serial VS Parallel

Serial transmission - the bits are sent sequentially on the same channel (wire) which can reduces costs for wire but slow in speed transmission.

Parallel transmission - the data were sent simultaneously on the different channel within the same cable and synchronized to a clock. It also has wider data bus, therefore they can transmit one / more bytes at a time. due to that, it is more faster.

Transmission timing

Transmission timing were divided into three. They were synchronous, asynchronous, and isochronous.

Synchronous - the data organised into block or group and transferred at regular specific interval.

Asynchronous - the transmitted data is encoded with start and stop bits. The data also being sent without being synchronous.

 Isochronous - the data were sent at the same time  

 (video call,talking on the phone)

Transmission direction

In direction of data transmission were divided into two. Simplex and Duplex. While in duplex were also divided into two, which are half-duplex and full-duplex. 

Simplex - is one station transmits and others just listen

Duplex - is a point to point system composed of two connected devices taht can communicate with one another in both direction simultaneously. It also like a two ways street.

Circuit switched, packed switched, broadcast connection

Circuit switched - data sent used dedicated path from sender to receiver

Packet switched - data sent as individual packet which are assembled at the recipient's destination

Broadcast connection - data broadcast to all nodes within range